Readiness of Community Health Center Health Workers in Implementing Telemedicine Reviewed from the Tam Model in Yahukimo Regency, Papua Mountains

Main Article Content

Yondry Sembel Kukus

Abstract

Telemedicine is an important strategy for improving access and quality of healthcare services, particularly in remote areas such as Yahukimo Regency, Papua Mountains. However, the success of its implementation is greatly influenced by the readiness of healthcare workers as the primary users of the technology. This study aims to analyze the readiness of healthcare workers at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in implementing telemedicine based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The study used a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. The study population consisted of 100 healthcare workers at three Community Health Centers in Yahukimo Regency, with a sample of 80 respondents selected using proportionate random sampling. Data were collected through a closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS. The results showed that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Toward Using, and Behavioral Intention to Use significantly influenced healthcare workers' readiness in implementing telemedicine. Perceived Usefulness was the most dominant factor with a path coefficient of 0.407. The research model explained 42.9% of the variation in healthcare worker readiness (R² = 0.429). The study concluded that increasing perceived benefits, ease of use, positive attitudes, and intention to use telemedicine can strengthen healthcare worker readiness to support telemedicine implementation in remote areas.

Article Details

How to Cite
Kukus, Y. S. (2026). Readiness of Community Health Center Health Workers in Implementing Telemedicine Reviewed from the Tam Model in Yahukimo Regency, Papua Mountains. Journal of Community Health Provision, 6(2), 708-724. https://doi.org/10.55885/jchp.v6i2.1035
Section
Articles

References

Akbar, M. A., Sahar, J., Rekawati, E., & Sartika, R. A. D. (2025). Challenges and barriers to noncommunicable disease management at community health centers in South Sumatera Province, Indonesia: A qualitative study. Nursing Practice Today, 12(2), 190-201. https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v12i2.18342

Alexandra, S., Handayani, PW, & Azzahro, F. (2021). Indonesian hospital telemedicine acceptance model: The influence of user behavior and technological dimensions. Heliyon, 7(12), e08599.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08599

Cheah, J. S., Lim, P. H., Amran, A., Fianto, B. A., Anisha, A. I. I. N., & Gan, C. (2025). Digital transformation in healthcare: investigating key determinants of examining telemedicine adoption. Sage Open, 15(4), 21582440251379912. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251379912

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

Darmawan, A. (2024). Factors influencing the acceptance of mobile-based health information systems in primary health facilities. Indonesian Journal of Health Administration, 12(1), 55–66.https://doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v12i1.2024

Fahyudi, A., Hapsari, M. A., & Astuti, N. D. (2025). Analisis Tingkat Literasi Digital Petugas Puskesmas dan Implikasinya Terhadap Efektivitas Layanan Kesehatan Primer. Jurnal Rekam Medis Dan Informasi Kesehatan, 8(2), 112-121. https://doi.org/10.31983/jrmik.v8i2.13868

Firdaus, R., Syeira, K., & Wijaya, N. (2025). Transformasi digital sistem informasi kesehatan menuju layanan kesehatan yang terkoneksi dan berpusat pada pasien. Economics and Digital Business Review, 6(2), 1045-1055.

Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Indria, D., Alajlani, M., & Fraser, HSF (2020). Clinicians' perceptions of a telemedicine system: A mixed method study of Makassar City, Indonesia. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 20(1), 233.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01234-7

Isiaku, L., & Adalier, A. (2024). Determinants of business intelligence systems adoption in Nigerian banks: The role of perceived usefulness and ease of use. Information Development, 02666669241307024. https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669241307024

Kiberu, V. M., Scott, R. E., & Mars, M. (2019). Assessing core, e-learning, clinical and technology readiness to integrate telemedicine at public health facilities in Uganda: a health facility–based survey. BMC health services research, 19(1), 266. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4057-6

Kruszyńska-Fischbach, A., Sysko-Romańczuk, S., Napiórkowski, T. M., Napiórkowska, A., & Kozakiewicz, D. (2022). Organizational e-health readiness: How to prepare the primary healthcare providers’ services for digital transformation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073973

Lukito, M., & Gani, A. (2024). Pelayanan kesehatan yang efisien dan terjangkau melalui transformasi kesehatan digital via telemedicine di Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences, 14(2), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.52395/jkjims.v14i2.452

Ma, Q., et al. (2022). Usage and perception of telemedicine among health care professionals in China. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 166, 104856.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104856

Maharani, A., Sari, N., & Yunita, D. (2024). Challenges in implementing telemedicine policy in Indonesian primary healthcare. Journal of Public Health Sciences, 15(2), 97–110.https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2024.15.2.97-110

Maisarah, M., Abdullah, A., & Arlianti, N. (2026). Tingkat Literasi Kesehatan Digital Petugas Kesehatan Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kualitas Layanan: Sistematic Riview. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia, 5(1), 902-915. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpion.v5i1.1149

Mohammadzadeh, N., Rezayi, S., & Saeedi, S. (2023). Telemedicine for patient management in remote areas and underserved populations. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17, e167. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2022.76

Mohtar, N.M., Ariffin, N.A., & Salleh, N.M. (2025). Factors influencing healthcare providers' acceptance of telemedicine in rural areas: A mixed-methods study. BMC Health Services Research, 25, 112–123.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-1123-7

Nigatu, A. M., Yilma, T. M., Gezie, L. D., Gebrewold, Y., Gullslett, M. K., Mengiste, S. A., & Tilahun, B. (2024). Health professionals’ technology readiness on the acceptance of teleradiology in the Amhara regional state public hospitals, northwest Ethiopia: Using technology readiness acceptance model (TRAM). Plos one, 19(3), e0301021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301021

Nugroho, P., Widyaningsih, A., & Putri, F. (2024). Organizational readiness and teleconsultation adoption in Indonesian health facilities: A national comparative study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 24, 87–99.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-0087-9

Palapessy, V. E., & Susanti, R. (2025). Transformasi digital dalam pelayanan rumah sakit: menakar efektivitas, tantangan, dan implikasi terhadap kualitas layanan kesehatan di Indonesia. Journal of Hospital Administration and Management, 6(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.54973/jham.v6i1.615

Portnoy, J., Waller, M., & Elliott, T. (2020). Telemedicine in the era of COVID-19. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(5), 1489–1491.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.008

Praba, R. (2025). Healthcare workers' attitudes toward digital health transformation in Indonesia. Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 19(1), 45–59.https://doi.org/10.26758/19.1.45

Rudiyanto, W., Jausal, A. N., Muhammad, N., Satria, R. A., & Nugroho, M. A. (2026). Peran Teknologi dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Masyarakat: Evaluasi Model Bisnis Halodoc sebagai Platform Telemedicine: Waluyo Rudiyanto, Anisa Nuraisa Jausal, Nabeel Muhammad, Rasha Andhika Satria, Malik Ahza Nugroho. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Lampung, 10(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.23960/jkunila.v10i1.pp1-12

Sagaro, G. G., Battineni, G., & Amenta, F. (2020). Barriers to sustainable telemedicine implementation in Ethiopia: a systematic review. Telemedicine Reports, 1(1), tmr-2020. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmr.2020.0002

Sarstedt, M., Hair, J.F., Ringle, C.M., & Richter, N.F. (2024). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Sage Publications.

Schürmann, F., Westmattelmann, D., & Schewe, G. (2025). Factors influencing telemedicine adoption among health care professionals: qualitative interview study. JMIR Formative Research, 9(1), e54777. https://doi.org/10.2196/54777

Sebong, P. H., Pardosi, J., Goldman, R. E., Suryo, A. P., Susianto, I. A., & Meliala, A. (2025). Identifying physician public health competencies to address healthcare needs in underserved, border, and outer island areas of Indonesia: a rapid assessment. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 37(3), 363-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2024.2353573

Serchen, J., Johnson, D., Cline, K., Hilden, D., Algase, L. F., Silberger, J. R., ... & Health and Public Policy Committee and the Medical Practice and Quality Committee of the American College of Physicians. (2025). Improving health and health care in rural communities: a position paper from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 178(5), 701-704. https://doi.org/10.7326/ANNALS-24-03577

Sudaryono. (2023). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method research methodology. Rajawali Pers.

Sugiyono. (2022). Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research methods. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Suwandi, Y., & Chandra, R. (2025). Usability and adoption of telemedicine applications in Indonesian primary care. Health Informatics Journal, 31(2), 210–225.https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582251210225

Taylor, J., Coates, E., Brewster, L., Mountain, G., Wessels, B., & Hawley, M. S. (2015). Examining the use of telehealth in community nursing: identifying the factors affecting frontline staff acceptance and telehealth adoption. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(2), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12480

Tombili, M. P. (2025). Kendala Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Implementasi Telemedicine: Tinjauan dari Perspektif Kesiapan, Kompetensi, dan Penerimaan Tenaga Kesehatan. Jurnal Teknologi dan Sains Modern, 2(6), 294-299. https://doi.org/10.69930/jtsm.v2i6.601

Trisnadoli, A., Lestari, I., Savitri, A. I., Winda, D., & Utari, M. D. (2025). Pemanfaatan Teknologi Kesehatan Digital untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Kader Posyandu dan Masyarakat. JITER-PM (Jurnal Inovasi Terapan-Pengabdian Masyarakat), 3(4), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.35143/jiter-pm.v3i4.6782

Tsourela, M., & Roumeliotis, M. (2015). The moderating role of technology readiness, gender, and sex in consumer acceptance and actual use of Technology-based services. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 26(2), 124-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2015.09.003

Walczak, R., Kludacz-Alessandri, M., & Hawrysz, L. (2022). Use of telemedicine technology among general practitioners during COVID-19: a modified technology acceptance model study in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10937. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710937

Yamin, S. (2023). Statistical data processing: SmartPLS 3, SmartPLS 4, Amos & Stata. PT Dewangga Energi Internasional.

Zahwa, M. F., Fatturahman, A. P., Rabbany, N., Arianti, N. I., & Mawar, M. (2025). Studi Komparatif Penerapan Inovasi Digital dalam Layanan Kesehatan (Kajian atau Tinjauan Pemanfaatan Data dan Telemedicine di Indonesia dan Thailand). Jurnal Penelitian Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 1(03), 581-595.

Zulfikar, S. (2025). Manajemen Strategis Kesehatan: Inovasi Era Disrupsi Digital. AMU Press, 1-333.