Association of Lipid Profile, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and Hypertension History with Coronary Artery Disease among Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to examine the association of lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and hypertension history with CAD among adult patients. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 40 adult patients undergoing cardiovascular evaluation at Abdul Manap Regional General Hospital, Jambi, Indonesia, including 20 patients with CAD and 20 participants without CAD. Demographic characteristics, lipid profile, HbA1c levels, hypertension history, diabetes mellitus status, smoking status, and body mass index were obtained from medical records and laboratory examinations. Bivariate analyses used independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact tests, followed by multivariable binary logistic regression. Participants with CAD were older and had higher BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HbA1c levels, but lower HDL cholesterol. After adjustment, age (aOR = 1.13; p = 0.039), BMI (aOR = 1.75; p = 0.023), hypertension history (aOR = 13.71; p = 0.026), diabetes mellitus (aOR = 7.94; p = 0.044), LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL (aOR = 10.49; p = 0.018), and HbA1c ≥6.5% (aOR = 9.10; p = 0.018) were independently associated with CAD. Older age, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes, elevated LDL cholesterol, and poor glycemic control were independently associated with CAD.
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